The paper deals with the properties of rare earth ions doped polymer layers. Polymer Epoxy Novolak Resin was doped with erbium, erbium/ytterbium and dysprosium ions. The layers were fabricated by spin-coating on silicon and quartz substrates. We have investigated infrared (IR) spectra,&...

The basic objective of energy flow is to the development of human populations complemented by social laws. Social laws are increasingly diverted from natural laws. Effect of the rich and powerful but directed all the benefits to your advantage and regardless of ordinary citizens.&#...

To ensure proper functioning of equipment consisting of power elements, which in their activities produce waste heat, this heat must be removed into the surrounding. Heat removal by conventional manner with using an alumina cooler using and with forced convection is in many times&#...

This article deals with the electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries and is focused especially on the properties of elemental sulfur in terms of its utilization in electrochemical accumulation of energy within li-ion battery cathodes. Sulfur as an electrode material is one of the&#...

Due to the rapid progress in the electronics industry, the thermal management of electronics components becomes an important and serious issue. Natural and forced convection are often deficient. One of the possibilities for dissipation of heat flux is using a loop heat pipe. A ...

A promising method for hydrogen production is high-temperature electrolysis. Here, the energy for water splitting can be applied by electricity and heat, in contrast to the well-established low-temperature electrolysis processes, where only electricity can be used. In this article the working...

Batteries are common part of human daily activities. Batteries are always some kind of electrochemical sources of electric energy like nickel – methylhydrid, nickel – cadmium, lithium – iodide or the most widespread litnium – ion. Modern lithium – ion batteries are composed from&#x...

In recent years saw a great increase miniaturization of some heat-stressed equipment mainly in electronics and mechatronics. Design and produce a more complex and energy-consuming equipment. On the other hand, there is a tendency that these devices have been getting smaller while retain...